Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It impacts approximately 1 in 500 Canadians, with an average of 38 people diagnosed with Parkinsonism each day. After Alzheimer’s disease, it is the second most common neurodegenerative condition. The number of cases is expected to rise in the coming decades, making it an increasing public health concern.
While there is currently no cure for Parkinson’s disease, a variety of therapies can help manage symptoms, improve function, and enhance quality of life.
Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson’s disease can present with a wide range of motor and non-motor symptoms, including:
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Tremor (often starting in one hand or limb at rest)
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Stiffness or rigidity in the limbs or trunk
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Slowness of movement (bradykinesia)
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Postural instability or balance problems
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Sleep disturbances
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Mood changes such as depression or anxiety
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Cognitive changes or memory decline
Causes and Risk Factors
The hallmark feature of Parkinson’s disease is the progressive loss of dopamine-producing neurons in a brain region called the substantia nigra. Dopamine is essential for smooth and coordinated muscle movement. Another characteristic finding is the presence of abnormal protein aggregates called Lewy bodies.
Although the exact cause is not fully understood, research has identified several environmental and lifestyle factors that may increase the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease.
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Environmental Exposure
Studies have linked pesticide exposure to an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease. For example, research found that living within one mile of a golf course was associated with a higher likelihood of developing Parkinson’s, possibly due to pesticide runoff contaminating nearby water sources. -
Heavy Metals
Metals such as manganese can generate oxidative stress, disrupt mitochondrial function, and contribute to the abnormal aggregation of proteins like alpha-synuclein. Prolonged exposure to high levels of manganese can cause a Parkinsonism-like condition known as manganism. -
Industrial Solvents
Trichloroethylene (TCE), a common industrial solvent, has been associated with a higher risk of Parkinson’s disease. The onset of symptoms may occur decades after exposure, as TCE can damage the same brain regions affected by Parkinson’s. -
Head Trauma
Repeated head injuries, such as those sustained in certain sports or accidents, are linked to a greater risk of Parkinson’s disease later in life.
Therapies to Support Function and Quality of Life
While Parkinson’s disease is a lifelong condition, targeted therapies can help maintain independence, mobility, and speech function.
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Speech Therapy
Many people with Parkinson’s experience speech and swallowing difficulties. Speech-language pathologists can provide strategies to improve vocal strength, clarity, and breathing coordination. -
Occupational Therapy
Occupational therapists help with fine motor skills, hand coordination, and daily activities. They can recommend adaptive tools and techniques to make everyday tasks safer and easier. -
Physical Therapy
Physical therapists can work on gait training, posture, balance, and flexibility. Some evidence suggests that regular exercise and targeted therapy may have neuroprotective effects and help slow disease progression.
Nutritional and Supplement Support
Certain supplements have been studied for their potential benefits in Parkinson’s disease, though results can vary and should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
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Mucuna pruriens
This tropical legume contains natural levodopa, the same active compound found in standard Parkinson’s medications. Some small studies suggest it may provide symptom relief with a faster onset in some individuals. It also contains antioxidant compounds that may help protect brain cells, although more research is needed to confirm benefits in humans. -
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)
CoQ10 plays a vital role in mitochondrial energy production and has strong antioxidant properties. While earlier studies suggested it might slow Parkinson’s progression, larger trials have not confirmed this effect. However, it remains safe for most people and may support general mitochondrial and cardiovascular health. -
Magnesium L-threonate
This form of magnesium is designed to cross the blood–brain barrier more effectively, and animal studies show it can raise brain magnesium levels. Research is still emerging on its role in cognitive or motor function in Parkinson’s, but it may support overall brain health. -
N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
NAC helps replenish glutathione, one of the brain’s most important antioxidants, which is often reduced in Parkinson’s disease. Early clinical studies suggest it may support dopamine function and improve certain brain imaging markers, but larger trials are needed. -
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA)
ALA is a potent antioxidant that also helps regenerate other antioxidants like vitamins C and E. Although Parkinson’s-specific research is limited, ALA may help reduce oxidative stress and support nerve health. -
B Vitamins (B6, B12)
These vitamins help lower homocysteine levels, an amino acid linked to increased risk of neurodegeneration. Supplementation may support nerve function and brain health, though evidence for slowing Parkinson’s progression is still mixed.
Final Note
Parkinson’s disease affects each person differently, and treatment plans should be individualized. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting new therapies or supplements to ensure they are appropriate and safe for your specific needs.
About the author:
Hi, I’m Abinaa, a fourth-year naturopathic medical student at the Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine with a deep-rooted passion for natural healing, inspired by my South Asian upbringing. Through this blog, I hope to share my journey, explore topics in holistic health and wellness, and offer simple, thoughtful insights that support a more balanced and mindful way of living.
