Canada is experiencing an intense wildfire season in 2025, with over 160 active wildfires burning across the country. The fires are fuelled by increasingly hot and dry conditions, a trend that is expected to continue as climate change accelerates. While many of these fires originate in rural and agricultural areas, their smoke is transported over vast distances, impacting air quality for millions of Canadians including those in urban centres. The fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in wildfire smoke is especially concerning, as these microscopic particles can linger in the air long after visible smoke has cleared and are small enough to penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream.
Health Consequences of Wildfire Smoke
Wildfire smoke contains a complex mixture of gases and particulate matter, with PM2.5 being the most significant health threat. Exposure can cause a range of symptoms, including:
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Headache, mild cough, production of mucus, and irritation of the nose, throat, and eyes
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More severe effects such as dizziness, wheezing, chest pain, asthma attacks, and shortness of breath
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In rare but serious cases, increased risk of stroke, heart attack, and premature death
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Worsening of symptoms for people with asthma, COPD, or other chronic lung and heart conditions
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Pregnant individuals are at higher risk for reproductive and developmental effects, such as low birth weight
Children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing health conditions are particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of wildfire smoke
Supplements for Lung Support
Looking for supplements that emphasizes both prevention and support for the body’s natural detoxification and repair mechanisms is key. Several supplements have shown potential to help mitigate the effects of wildfire smoke on lung health:
N-Acetylcysteine (NAC)
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NAC is a precursor to glutathione, the body’s master antioxidant.
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Acts as a mucolytic, helping to thin and loosen mucus, making it easier to clear from the airways.
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Reduces inflammation and oxidative stress caused by smoke exposure.
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May help prevent some health complications from acute and chronic smoke exposure.
Quercetin
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A plant flavonoid with strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
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Helps reduce airway inflammation and oxidative damage from inhaled pollutants.
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May relax airway smooth muscle, supporting easier breathing during smoke events.
Mullein
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A traditional herbal remedy for respiratory health, mullein is mucilaginous, meaning it soothes irritated respiratory tissues.
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Acts as an expectorant, helping to clear mucus from the lungs and ease cough.
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Often combined with other herbs like peppermint, oregano, and eucalyptus for enhanced lung support.
Vitamin C
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A potent antioxidant that helps neutralize free radicals generated by smoke exposure.
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Supports immune function and reduces inflammation.
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High doses are sometimes recommended during periods of high smoke exposure, but consult a healthcare provider for individual guidance.
Vitamin D
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Supports immune health and may help reduce inflammation.
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Supplementation is especially important for those with low vitamin D levels.
Glutathione
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The body’s most important endogenous antioxidant.
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Liposomal forms are best absorbed and may help detoxify smoke-related toxins and reduce oxidative stress in the lungs.
Selenium and Methionine
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Selenium is a cofactor for glutathione production, and methionine is an essential amino acid with antioxidant and detoxification properties.
Supplements for Lung Support: Overview
Lifestyle Changes for Lung Protection During Wildfire Season
Limit Outdoor Exposure
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Stay indoors as much as possible, especially during periods of poor air quality.
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Air quality is often better early in the morning or late in the evening; avoid outdoor activities during midday and afternoon when pollution peaks.
Monitor Air Quality
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Check the Canadian Air Quality Health Index regularly to stay informed about local air conditions. https://weather.gc.ca/airquality/pages/index_e.html
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Modify activities when the index is above 7 for the general population or above 4 for at-risk groups.
Air Filtration
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Use HEPA filters in your home to remove fine particles from indoor air.
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Regularly change filters in your HVAC system and portable air cleaners to maintain effectiveness.
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Set air conditioners to recirculate indoor air rather than bringing in outside air.
Personal Protective Measures
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Wear a properly fitted N95 respirator mask if you need to go outdoors during smoke events; cloth or surgical masks are not effective against PM2.5.
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Avoid using exhaust fans that may draw in outdoor air, such as bathroom or kitchen fans, during heavy smoke periods.
Other Practical Tips
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Keep doors and windows closed to prevent smoke infiltration.
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Stay hydrated to help thin mucus and support lung clearance.
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Avoid smoking and exposure to other indoor pollutants.
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Use a humidifier or practice steam inhalation to soothe irritated airways and help clear mucus.
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Have an updated asthma or COPD action plan if you have a chronic respiratory condition.
Final thoughts
With wildfires becoming more frequent and intense in Canada, taking proactive steps to support lung health is crucial. Combining evidence-based supplements with practical lifestyle changes can help reduce the impact of wildfire smoke on your respiratory and overall health. Always consult with a healthcare provider, especially if you have pre-existing health conditions or are considering new supplements
